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Intelligence and IQ Scores

Intelligence is not the same as Intelligence Quotient (IQ). IQ is an estimation and a measurement of an individual’s intelligence. Human intelligence is assessed by IQ scores determined by standardized IQ tests.

History of Intelligence Tests

Sir Francis Galton was the first expert who attempted to create a standardized test measuring intelligence in 1884. He theorized a correlation between intelligence and observable human traits such as reflexes and head size.

G Factor of Psychometrics

There are many types of IQ tests, which include a variety of content. There are verbal linguistic tests, numerical-mathematical tests, spatial-visual tests, logical-abstract tests, mixed tests, and culture fair tests.

Gf, Gc, and CHC Intelligence Models

Raymond Cattell, in 1963 introduced two types of cognitive abilities in a revision of Spearman's G factor concept of general intelligence: fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc).

Intelligence Types and Theories

If your scores on IQ tests are not high, there is no need to worry. Intelligence comes in many forms, and some cannot be assessed by modern intelligence tests.

Emotional Intelligence and EQ

Emotional intelligence (EI), or else emotional quotient (EQ), is the ability of individuals to perceive, use, understand, manage, and handle emotions.

Main Components of Intelligence

There are four main components in human intelligence: verbal intelligence, numerical intelligence, logical intelligence, and spatial intelligence. Each of them represents a separate cognitive domain of intelligence, but with a single underlying factor that governs all of them: g factor (or general intelligence factor) of psychometrics.

The Normal Distribution or Bell Curve

It is assumed that all IQ score measurements across the overall population will follow a normal probability distribution and have an equal number of measurements before and after the mean value.

IQ, SD, Percentile, and Rarity Chart

Average IQ by Occupation

Several studies suggest that IQ scores are highly correlated with job performance. People in different professions have different average IQ scores. As professions become intellectually more challenging, higher IQ scores become more important.